Decisions

Compactness, Groningen

  • Built: 1972
  • Bold decision: multifunctional center that would house all the city’s major facilities, including university, theatre, and hospital

In 1972, Groningen introduced the Doelstellingennota (Note of Objectives), a strategic urban plan that prioritized strengthening the existing city center over expansion. Unlike many other Dutch cities at the time, Groningen chose to preserve its inner city by ensuring that key functions; such as housing, work, and recreation, remained integrated within the historic core. The plan also emphasized keeping essential institutions, including the university, theatre, and hospital, within the city rather than relocating them to suburban areas. 

What was the impact or result of this Brave Decision? 

The Doelstellingennota shaped Groningen’s urban development by preventing large-scale demolitions and suburbanization. Instead, new buildings were carefully designed within the existing city structure, reinforcing its historical character while adapting to modern needs. The plan encouraged architectural innovation, leading to the development of significant projects by international architects who understood Groningen’s distinct urban vision. This strategy not only preserved the city’s identity but also enhanced its livability, making the center a dynamic and multifunctional space rather than a purely commercial or administrative hub. 

Who was the master mind of the Brave Decision? 

Max van den Berg introduced the Doelstellingennota, setting the vision for a compact, multifunctional city center. Ypke Gietema ensured its execution, overseeing urban projects that preserved Groningen’s character while allowing for modern development. 

City